Triadic digital integration for industrial resilience in industry 5.0: A systematic literature review

Abstract

The convergence of Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) marks a paradigmatic shift toward more resilient and sustainable industrial ecosystems within the Industry 5.0 framework. Purpose: To synthesize empirical and conceptual evidence on the triadic integration of Blockchain-IoT-AI concerning supply chain resilience, data security, and industrial sustainability in the context of Industry 5.0. Method: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA 2020 protocol. A systematic search of the Scopus database yielded 2,945 initial records, subsequently filtered through bibliometric screening (excluding 2,875 records), producing 70 records passing initial screening. Of these 70, 45 were excluded after full-text eligibility assessment, resulting in 25 high-quality final studies published from 2022 to 2026, comprising 10 Foundational [F] and 15 Validation [V] studies drawn from 19 unique journals with contributions from 68 authors. Findings: Blockchain-IoT integration significantly enhances product transparency and traceability across sectors. Digital Twin facilitates real-time operational optimization. A Knowledge Graph (30 nodes, 49 edges, density 11.3%) identifies Supply Chain (degree=8) and Blockchain (degree=7) as primary conceptual hubs. Five critical research gaps were identified: Metaverse×Blockchain, Digital Twin×Resilience, Circular Economy×IoT, Smart Grid×SC, and Computer Vision×Multi-domain. Conclusion: The triadic integration construct offers both a theoretical framework and practical roadmap for Industry 5.0 adoption, with selectivity at 0.85% (25 of 2,945 initial records) ensuring high-quality synthesis